A few notes on ceiling fan wiring
Wiring a ceiling fan is surprisingly simple. Often times it is no more complicated than the wiring of a light fixture. As with any electrical wiring, make sure all wire connections are made securely with the proper size wire nuts, that they are not loose and that no copper strands are showing. Most "house wiring" should be 14 or 12 gauge solid copper wire attached to a 15 or 20 amp 120vAC circuit respectively. Consult a professional if you encounter something varying from this and are not aware of how to safely handle it.
Most commonly ceiling fans will have 4 wires, or 3 wires plus a ground. Black, white, green, and an additional color (usually red, blue, or black/white striped). The black wire is the hot lead for the fan motor. The red/blue/striped wire is the hot lead for the optional light kit. The white wire is the neutral lead for both the fan motor and light kit. The green wire is ground for the entire assembly.
In all cases the neutral (white) wire from the fan assembly should be attached to the neutral (usually white) lead from the house wiring. Note that if you encounter a white wire with a marking piece of colored tape attached, this could be used to signifiy it is being used as something other than a neutral.
The ground (green) wire or wires from the fan assembly should be attached to the ground (usually bare, sometimes green) lead from the house wiring. Some older houses may not have a separate ground lead and use the metal conduit and electrical boxes as ground. In this case you would attach the ground wire from the fan to the electrical box (and/or mounting plate) with the appropriate screw or clip.
As for the two hot leads . . .
Example 1: Replacing a light fixture with a fan, and/or installing a fan where there is only one switch
The black wire from the fan would be connected to the hot lead (usually black, sometimes red) from the house wiring. If the fan has a light the red/blue/striped wire would ALSO be connected to the hot lead from the house. If not then this wire would be capped off, should you chose to connect it (and make easier the option of adding a light later) make sure it is capped off in the fan's switch housing. In this example both the fan and the light would be controlled by the previous light's wall switch.
NOTE: examine the wires inside the electrical box. Is there an additional wire, presumably a black or a red? There is possibly another hot wire, unswitched, that would allow the fan's light to be controlled by the wall switch and the fan to be controlled by it's pullchain. In most cases you would connect the black wire from the fan to the black wire(s) in the outlet box, and the red/blue/striped to the red wire from the house. HOWEVER this can vary due to your house's wiring, so do not make any attempts unless you are sufficiently comfortable working with electricity.
Example 2: Installing a fan to a box already wired for one, where there are two switches
Some newer homes come pre-wired for fan-light combinations, and offer two separate wall switches: one for the light, and one for the fan. In this case you would connect the black wire from the fan to hot (black) lead from the house wiring, and the red/blue/striped wire from the fan to the additional hot (red) lead from the housing wiring. This should allow you to switch the fan and light separately. Should you chose to install a fan without a light, cap off both red (blue etc) wires, or connect them and make sure the light lead is capped off in the fan's switch housing.
Example 3: Installing a fan where there is NO switch
Connect the black wire from the fan to the hot (black) lead from the house wiring. If the fan has a light, connect the red/blue/striped wire to the hot (black) lead from the house wiring as well. Both the fan and light are to be controlled from their appropriate pullchains.
Example 4: Installing a fan with a remote
Remote controlled ceiling fans only have one hot lead for both the light and fan, as they are controlled internally by the remote receiver. In the cases of Examples 1 and 3 above, the fan would be wired as stated ignoring all references to a red/blue/striped wire. As in example two, only one of the two wall switches would be needed. You would connect the hot lead from the fan to either of the hot leads from the house wiring, and cap off the other.
In any case where a fan motor is controlled independently from a wall switch (such as Example 2 above, or Example 1 where there is no light kit) the wall switch can be replaced by a fan speed control to allow more diverse operation of the fan from the floor level. If both the fan and light are wired to the same wall switch a speed control should not be used.
Subsequently, when a fan light is controlled independantly by a wall switch (Example 2 above, or as covered in the additional note to Example 1) and incandescent bulbs are used, the wall switch could be replaced by a dimmer switch to allow more diverse control of the light. DO NOT under ANY cirumstances allow a fan motor to be controlled by a dimmer switch.
However in most cases, the fan is wired to the kit's remote receiver as would be wired in Example 2 above. The kit's receiver would be connected to the house wiring as in Example 4 above.
. Fan is not working
First, check to make sure that all controls on the fan are functional and set properly. The pullchain should be set to an operating speed (i.e. high), some fans have a speed knob or the like. If the fan has a reverse switch, be sure it it is seated fully in the 'up' or 'down' position. If the fan has a remote, make sure it has a good battery securely in place. If the fan has a more unique or unusual control system you may need to ask more specific questions
Does the fan have a light? Does the light work? If both the fan and the light are not working, it is likely a connection issue. Lower the fan canopy and/or housing, and check to see that all the wires are connected Check to see that there is indeed power from the supply-- there could be a switch or breaker off, or a connection issue within the wiring. Lastly, open the switch housing to the fan and check that the white wire is connected to both the light kit and fan electronics.
If the light is working and the fan is not, the first thing to check is if the black wire has come disconnected inside the canopy. If it is connected, what is it connected to? Sometimes the fan motor is on a separate circuit that may not be energized. Check also in the switch housing to see that no wires are loose or disconnected.
Next, check to be sure that the blades turn freely. If they do not, the problem may involve stuck bearings , a broken flywheel , or simply something stuck in the path of the motor or blades that does not belong there.
If the fan does not have a light, any of the above options are applicable. The red, blue, or black/white striped wire in the canopy and switch housing need not be connected as it is for an added light assembly.
II. Fan light is not working
If the fan is working but the light is not, the problem is usually a loose connection between the power source and the light kit. Make sure the red/blue/black & white striped wire is connected inside the canopy to the power source, and inside the switch housing to the light kit's black wire. The light kit's white wire should be connected to the white wire(s) inside the switch housing. Check also that the light kit's pullchain is functional. It is also possible that the fan's light is connected to a separate circuit from the fan motor, in which case the red/blue/black & white striped wire would be connected to a separate hot wire inside the fan canopy.
